Recently, I decided to take the leap and begin using Linux exclusively. I installed Fedora 22 and so far I like it. I hit my first major snag when setting up a LAMP development environment.
After installing Apache and setting up a virtual host all pages returned error 403 Forbidden. I am running Apache 2.4. The first thing I noticed is that Apache changed the syntax for allowing and denying access to a directory. Previously you would use:
Allow from All
to grand access to a directory. In Apache 2.4 you use:
Require all granted
After ensuring I was allowing access to the new document root in httpd.conf correctly, I started to get stuck. Only after much digging, I came across the root of the problem: SELinux Contexts. SELinux adds an additional level of security by layering more flexible and powerful access controls on top of the standard Linux access control. SELinux is found on Fedora and Red Hat systems.
You can check to see if SELinux is enforcing access control on your system by running:
$ sestatus
You must add the httpd_system_context_t context to the new document root so that Apache has access. You can read more about SELinux here.
In production you do not want to weaken security to get things working. You should give files the correct context so Apache works with SELinux. However, in a development environment, you can simply disable SELinux to make your life easier.
To disable SELinux modify /etc/selinux/config to look like:
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. SELINUX=disabled # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these three values: # targeted - Targeted processes are protected, # minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. # mls - Multi Level Security protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted
Save that file then restart. You can run sestatus again to make sure SELinux is disabled. If you configured httpd.conf correctly, Apache should now be able to access the new document root.